Mandli's positional system uses differential GPS and an inertial measurement unit (IMU) to extrapolate road geometry such as curve, grade, and cross-slope. The vertical grade (slope) and horizontal grade (cross-slope) are standard outputs from Mandli’s POS LV system. They are also referenced as pitch and roll respectively. Due to the fact that these measurements come directly from the inertial sensor, they are highly accurate and reliable.